Issue #1, 2006
MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
The author views the social roots of psychosocial stress. It is shown that psychoemotional stress, being an organism\\\'s defense reaction, under an acute and longterm exposure to stress factors, can lead to chronic and very often incurable psychosomatic illness. The paths of prevention of medicosocial consequences of psychoemotional stress and rehabilitation measures for elimination of poststress syndrome are considered. The scientific findings cited in the paper testify to the fact that, though psychoemotional stress constitutes a menace for life and survival of the mankind, there are optimistic ways for solving these problems.
Maintenance of Juvenility During the Life Span: Good Wish or Reality?
Physiological basis of human health, conservation of adaptive abilities and high capacity for work during the life span are considered. Convincing proofs of the role of biorhythmic processes, their misbalance in regulation of processes of vital functions and the importance of maintenance of organism\\\'s mineral balance for extension of the period of active creative and healthy life are presented. If we want to keep young in the life span we must come back to the nature, its rhythms which means to return to a natural life style. Dominating feature of our character should be rationality, striving for spiritual life habits, creative endeavors, optimism. To achieve this aim — to maintain health and youth during the life one should be guided by: — natural rhythms of biosphere and Cosmos; — spiritual appeals and wisdom of scientists and philosophers of the past; — lessons of lithophags (rational use of minerals) — to be physically active, to be engaged in sports as it had been in Ancient Greece.
Theoretical Basics of New Medical Technologies
The author considers the advantages of close integration of theoretical investigations and clinical experience that essentially increases the effect of restoration technologies in practice of preventive and clinical medicine. It was shown that the creation of modern medical diagnostic and rehabilitation technologies is possible only by engaging in experts of different adjacent fields of scientific knowledge - mathematics, chemistry, physics and others. The paper presents the results of application of new technologies of spectrophotometric flowmetric diagnostics of intensity of oxidative processes in tissues, directive increase of organism\'s adaptation potential on the bases of special complexes of syntoxic factors with evaluation of their effectiveness with the help of original coefficient of activity of syntoxic adaptation programs.
New Strategy in Treatment of Diseases: Hypoxia — Inducible Factor
Normal tissue function in mammals depends on adequate supply of oxygen. A discrepancy between oxygen supply and consumption (hypoxia) induces a variety of specific adaptation mechanisms. These mechanisms are in part governed by the activation of hypoxiainducible transcription factors (HIF1, HIF2, HIF3). HIF1α is activated at physiologically relevant oxygen levels, ensuring fast and adequate response to hypoxia. HIF1α targets include genes involved in angiogenesis, vasomotor control, energy metabolism, apoptosis, innate immune defence. As a consequence of these various functions, HIF1α is also implicated in the pathophysiology of many human diseases. Delineation of HIF-hydroxylation pathways provides new targets for therapeutic intervention. There is increasing evidence that activation of HIF is protective in ischemic/hypoxic disease, Parkinson\'s disease and can generate a productive angiogenic response. A novel and essential role for HIF1α in regulation of several important polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions is described. At the same time, the inhibition of HIF1 could provide new strategy for the treatment and prophylaxis of pulmonary hypertension and high altitude edema as well as prevent alveolar epithelial cells from the destruction. Thus, the functions of HIF1α in the organism are polysemantic and demand further scrupulous investigations.
Thermodynamics of Biological Matter Circulation
The law of temporal hierarchies makes it possible to identify quasiclosed monohierarchical systems in open polyhierarchical biological systems. It is possible to use the approaches of hierarchical quasiequilibrium thermodynamics to establish the direction of ontogenesis and evolutionary processes. The law of temporal hierarchies helps to substantiate the idea that an overwhelming majority of supramolecular and other processes (at least structureforming ones) in biological world take place in quasiclosed systems under regimen close to the state of equilibrium. Hence the conclusion that the relevant in vivo and in vitro processes can with equal justice be studied in terms of chemical, supramolecular, and generally speaking, hierarchical thermodynamics. The thermodynamic theory of origin, evolution and development of living systems and the thermodynamic theory of biological matter circulation boost the ideas of G. Galileo, J. K. Maxwell, Ch. Darwin and other clas sics, based on belief that there exist universal natural laws operating at all hierarchical levels of matter. The author considers that the statements of article are connected with the cogency of equilibrium (quasiequilibrium) thermodynamics, which is based on the method of full differentials.
Philosophy of time in medicine
The paper (that is under publication) presents the annotation of a thorough research on the problem «Time in medicine». Ethics is a coherent field of scientific and philosophical vision of the above mentioned problem. Conducting a research there has been tested the use of a hypothetic-deductive method and mathematical modelling which reveal structural peculiarities of an actual part of the metabolic space of time-polymer. Thereupon authors formulate an original conception of a pathological reduction time appearance and also determine the degree of the free choice of physicians\' actions. Authors conclude that an alternative is a quantum of action to which a virtual scale of ethical time is divisible — the time of waiting/rendering aid.
PROBLEMS OF ECOLOGY, EDUCATION, ECOLOGICAL CULTURE, EARTH SCIENCES
Russian High School at Present$day Stage: Results and Problems
At present state of scientific development, high sociocultural dynamics take place a fundamental interdisciplinary synthesis of knowledge, unification of views about objective reality into an integrated pattern of the world on the principles of evolution, systemity and ecological ideology. The analysis of leading tendencies of world educational strategy allows assuming that the criteria of readiness of a human to realize ecohumanitarian correction of culture in the modern society can be only a competence of a specialist as a social qualitative character of a personality. The paper is devoted to modernization of Russian education in post soviet period, to problems and contradictions of Russia integration into Bologna process.
The Problem of Relevance in Ecological Knowledge
The modern heightened interest to the personal and semantic aspects of the exact knowledge in the ecology is the result of the dynamic development of the ecology as a science. The centre of the investigations is the knowledge, correlation of knowledge, subject of cognition and practice. The analysis of logical and semantic structures of knowledge, human factors, language are connected with the problem of exact knowledge.
PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, TECHNICAL SCIENCES, EXACT SCIENCES
Applied Aspects of Nuclear Physics
The paper reviews the application of some nuclear physics techniques in different scientific and technical investigations, and industry. The many possibilities these methods give for the exact determination of elemental abundances in different samples, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, and the manufacturing of nuclear membranes. These applications of nuclear radiation prove that they can be widely used in solving a multiplied variety of problems, including ecological.
Using of Queuing Theory in Organization of Medicine Process on Admission Phase in Emergency Hospital
The article describes application of mathematical modeling for organization of cure-treatment process in emergency clinics. For simplified models the analytical expressions of coefficients of supply and use of resources are given. For processes, which are heterogeneous in time and take into account the priority of service, the simulation was used. The queuing theory can be used as tool, which allows preliminarily analyze the results of organization activity before their approbation on the real object.
HUMANITARIAN SCIENCES
Humanitarian Knowledge: Thesaurus Approach
The article is a basic introduction to theoretical aspects of the «thesaurus approach» and some of the results of its application to different fields of humanitarian knowledge. The «thesaurus approach» is quite a new comprehensive tool for the theory and the history of philosophical, cultural, literary, linguistic and sociological studies. It might be helpful instrument in making of generalisations that underline the understanding of subjective perception of wide World that surrounds us. The article also gives a new definition of the term «thesaurus» as a basic construction that allows to become conversant with everyday reality. Therefore, it acts as some kind of basis for subjective cultural background of personal corpus of knowledge that reflects division into «its own» and «alien» in culture, education, science, etc.
Shakespeare\'s Thesaurus of Pushkin\'s Creative Evolution
The article is concerned with the problem of Pushkin\'s creative evolution under the influence of Shakespeare\'s genius. The center focus of the article is Pushkin\'s creative development, his spiritual, philosophical and artistic growth during the years of his Shakespearian studies, namely, from early 1820s up to his death in 1837. The essence of the problem can be summarised as follows: the dialogue between Pushkin and Shakespeare is a significant part of the history of Russian literature and philological studies. This article attempts to examine the presence of Shakespeare in Pushkin\'s creative works by applying «thesaurus approach».