Issue #2, 2006
MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
On Prospects in Development of a New Concept for Preventive Medicine
The concept of the Immunculus is proposed. The Immunculus is considered as the system (general network) of constitutively expressed natural autoantibodies against very different extracellular, membrane, cytoplasmic, and nuclear self-antigens (ubiquitous and organ-specific). It is specially noted that the serum repertoires of natural autoantibodies are nearly constant in healthy persons, independent of gender and age. On the other hand, abnormal metabolic changes which precede the clinical manifestation of any diseases are inevitable triggers of easily detected changes, rather quantitative than qualitative, in the systems of natural autoantibodies in patients sera (immunculus distortions). This phenomena could supposedly be used for mapping the state of physiological norm in terms of the natural autoantibodies repertoires, and for elaboration of the methods for early (preclinical) detection of potentially pathogenic metabolic changes which may leads to serious diseases. The research project «Immunculus» - as practically oriented additive to project «Human Genome», is proposed for international cooperative investigations.
In the paper presented to the 12th World Clean Air and Environmental Congress 2001 in Seoul a new model was proposed for a better understanding of the health relevance of environmental disasters: This model is based on the assumption that any being is an «autonomous actor» because of its «potentia». «Potentia» enables to realise self-guided and self-organised effects. It is postulated, that «potentia» has two aspects («potentials») which are in a complementary relationship (acc. to N. Bohr): If an outside observer is observing an effect based on one of the (unobservable) aspects the effects of the other aspect can not be observed. One potential is commonly used in natural science: the potential for activities which can be characterised in terms related to matter or energy (e. g. power etc). The other potential is obviously given too, but — maybe because of extrascientific reasons as I described in the literature — there is no term to deal with it in a similar way as we are used to deal with energetical potential (fields, physical and chemical powers etc). Natural scientists use only terms to express the consequence of its use: e.g. to speak of antigens and antibodies, of conditioning etc. This technique is as long adequate, as e.g. the capacity of the potential is available in sufficient amount. If there would not be such a limited potential we should expect changings in the phenomena — not based on a lack of energy. Therefore we have introduced a term for this potential: «Ordnendes Diskriminationspotential» («arranging discrimination potential» — still a working term only). This potential allows the autonomous actor to «make a difference to information», to «deal with information» and to guide its «energetical potentials» e. g. to repair mechanisms. Then we postulated characteristics so that experimental proving is possible: e. g. «Potentia» and therefore both «potentials» are postulated as restricted and restricting. There are different consequences: a) The «potentials» allow attributing to the «autonomous actors» a process we call «evolution». — Within this process the qualities of both potentials are modified. Therefore terms are needed to express the level which is reached (e. g. field — physical powers — chemical powers to distinct different levels of the energetical potential). We propose the term «ability to organise» to name the level of living entities to deal with information («Organisationsvermögen»). (More details to this process will published in this journal soon. b) We should expect changing phenomena in consequence of the assumption that the «ability to organise» is limited: Therefore it was predicted that inadequate capacities to organise should cause causally unspecific health effects indepen dently from the additional specific health effects according to the particular nature of the external stimulus: Assuming that the amount of organisational capacity of an organism is limited, any additional demand on this capacity will negatively influ ence existing adaptive processes in their attempts to establish — with the consequence of more severe symptoms. Evidence to support the entire model is available: This model that postulates a deficit in the amount of available capacities to organise under conditions of exposure to environmental stress, helped to explain the previously unexplained deviations of mortality and morbidity distribution from the predicted distribution after different types of environmental disasters, e. g. caused by toxic and radiotoxic burdens, smog episodes, earth quakes, heat and cold waves etc. Like any entity a human person, an algae, but also a crystal has energetical potentials as well as potentials on its own disposition and to any being can be attributed potentials of «ordnender Diskrmininationsföhigkeit» («arranging discrimination potential») — but on different levels and always corresponding to the reached morphological level of the entity. So it is proposed to discuss additionally acquired capabilities/abilities in handling information during the evolutionary process. Maybe it would make sense to distinct between «Diskriminationsvermögen» («discrimination ability») on the level of not-living entities and «Organisationsvermögen» («organisational ability») for living processes — again with increasing emergent levels due to the reached evolutionary plane. Within this short paper we will concentrate on living processes only. For more detailed information please have a look at the cited literature. In the last three years when the work was carried out under the auspices of Nobel laureate Y. T. Lee, the model was extended to form a blueprint of an «extended view of a human person». This view is compatible with the given scientific frames of «natural» and «nonnatural sciences». It allows a causal linkage between them. The principles of the «blueprint» will be presented in part 2 of this publication in one of the following numbers of the Herald of the International Academy of Sciences (Russian Section). It allows also predictions for qualitative aspects of the interactions of a person with different types of environments and expectations.
Motivation and Сonflict in Initiation the System Mechanisms of Behavioral Act
A comparative analysis of possible conflict and motivational determinant role in the goal-directed behavior is made. The hypothesis that conflict, but no dominant motivation plays systemo-organising role in initiation of new behavioral acts, which enlarge spectrum of motivational activity in animals was formulated.
Medico-biological and social aspects of a man in a rapidly changing modern world are regarded in the paper. It was shown that reproductive potential of a man is steadily decreasing, morbidity and mortality are distinctly increasing and male andropause comes earlier and proceeds more painful. The ways of prevention of these dangerous changes are considered. The presented data testify to the fact that despite the danger of the outlined tendency for the mankind a complex approach to solving the problem can slow down and even prevent the development of these disorders.
Medico-biological Provision of Physical Culture and Sport of Extra Class
In light of the upgrowth of high sport results in the World Championships and Olympic Games the role of medico-biological sciences in training processes and competitions of sportsmen is steadily increasing. Diagnostic and rehabilitation facilities in training process of sportsmen of the highest progress are analyzed in the paper. Concrete scientific and managerial procedures and recommendations on the problem in question grounded on the expertise of medical specialists and institutions of the Russian Medical Academy of Science are presented.
Non$Drug Rehabilitation of Posttraumatic Stress Disorders of Various Origins
Rehabilitation of persons with posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) one of the up-to-date social problem was the goal of present observations. In spite of great success with pharmacotherapy the existence of numerous sideeffect rose the interest of general practitioners to nonconventional therapies. Large group of PTSD patients rangers after Chechnya, aviators, representatives of Federal. Security Service and women after sexual violance were treated when various combinations of non-conventional therapies: acupuncture, homotherapy, electrical stimulation with biofeedback (SCANAR-therapy), psychotherapy were used. Homosiniatry (injections of homeopathic remedies in acupunctural biological activе points) together with psусhothеrapy were found to be the most effective in rehabilitation. Data obtained let to suggest that non-conventional therapies can be succеssively used in treatment of patients with stresses of various origins.
Role of the Bee Venom and Propolis in Structure of the Farmacotherapy
Information is considered in article about the most important biologically active component of the bee venom and propolis. It is described main pharmacological effects, which present clinical importance in practical doctor. Are they in detail considered possible side effects of the bee venom and methods of the rendering first medical help under allergic and toxic reaction. The Presented evidences to using the bee venom and propolis with instruction of the names preparation.
PROBLEMS OF ECOLOGY, EDUCATION, ECOLOGICAL CULTURE, EARTH SCIENCES
On the basis of our research we formulated the concept of videoecology. Videoecology is a new scientific direction in the field of an interaction of a human being and visual environment. Videoecology deals with the beauty and ecology of visual envi ronment, i.e. the beauty and everything a person perceives with his organ of vision. Negative processes in creating of urban visual environment, interiors of apartments and industrial buildings are shown. Recommendations on the creating of comfortable visual environment from the point of view of videoecology are given.
PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, TECHNICAL SCIENCES, EXACT SCIENCES
The CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) Project — the multi purpose detector at the LHC collider, one of the biggest experimental installation ever built, joint efforts of scientists and engineers from 37 countries. Important and essential part of this project is the CMS Collaboration of Russia and Dubna Member-States (RDMS CMS). RDMS collaboration joint about 300 scientists and provide large scale and long term participation of physicists from JINR memberstates in the first-string modern scientific project. Important aspect is wide involvement of national industries and technical potential of branchwise science of participating countries. Nuclear physics, particle physics or high energy physics is shining example of combination of fundamental knowledge of nature structure and modern achievement in engineering science and technical progress. Even more, the technical progress of society is driven by achievements of particle physics.
Information Technologies in Territorial Control
Problems of Area management improvement are examined in the article. The role of information technologies in social and economical processes on the level of cities and regions is shown. Advanced structure and technologies of information service are described.
HUMANITARIAN SCIENCES
Globalization and Russian Humanitarian Sciences
The interest of humanities in Russia to the problem of globalization can be traced back to the 70-s and is related on the one hand to the Marxist universalistic tradition and on the other hand to the impact of the Roman Club ideas. However the tackling of global problems by native scholars was proceeding at a slow rate and was haltering repeatedly. A new wave of interest to globalization emerged in the late 90-s which resulted in a significant numerical growth of related research papers. The approaches to defining globalization, its sources and effects were various, and similarly varied the issues of its impact on the development of our country. Besides, certain positions tend to look politically biased. This trend has been progressing of late. Making strategic global decisions to accommodate the national interests of Russia requires from Russia\'s scholars of humanities to conduct research free of ideological clich\'s and political engagements.
The Cult Of Shakespeare As A Scientific Problem
The article is an introduction to study on the cult of Shakespeare as a theoretical problem of philology and culturology. «The Cult of Shakespeare» is interpreted as a «philological concept», as a scientific term for the constant of the European cultural thesauruses. It is separated from the terms «shakespearology» and «Shakespearian question» that are connected with two independent fields of philological knowledge and caused by this cult. But these terms represent a new period when the Europeans turned from the admiration of Shakespeare to the profound study on his creative works and life. This article attempts to link «The Cult of Shakespeare» with the terms «shakesperization» and «shakespearism».
Modelling of World of Righteousness: L. N. Tolstoy\'s Thesaurus Paradigm
This article suggests taking the thesaurus approach as the basis of studies on a creative work of a writer. It is considered to be a productive way for a scientist to be scientifically objective, but to express his subjective point of view. As an example of this methodology the Tolstoy\'s thesaurus paradigm is examined and his world of righteousness is models.
The Problem of the Text Cognition: Research Methodology
Literary texts can be introduced not only in the aestethic sense (as a sistem of associative figurativeness), not only in the logicalandconceptual sense (as a system of multiple level narration), but also in the linguistic and cognitive sense (as a sistem of cognitive transformations). Linguistic and cognitive approach closes in possible analysis of cultural transmission linguistic mechanisms. Some mechanisms posses significant semeiotic sens and are included into general semeiotic continuum of national semeiotics. Conceptualization, figurativeness and typification refer to such cognitive mechanisms and they all consider matter and wais of the national cultural transmission. Cultural and linguistic concepts constitute the transmission nucleus of the national culture, and figurativeness and typification constitute variant circumference of the nationalandcultural transmission, which exists in the form of literature. The following model introduces a type of symmetrization of the relations: «text» — «sens» and «sens» — «text» in the context of «text» — «expositor» relation.