Issue #2, 2007
MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
System Quanta As a Basis of Holographic Formation of Living Organisms
The new holographic principle of organization of living activities is formulated on the basis of functional system theory. The conception is founded: discrete units of functional systems self regulating activities — the system quanta — form the basis of holographic formation of living organisms: from their needs to its satisfactions. Principles of formation of the system quanta of different levels are considered. The holographic homologies are revealed in the system quanta: signals on needs step forward as a background wave and signals of satisfactions of needs form a subject wave. We postulate that both these waves interfere on special holographic screens for holograms constructions in higher animals and man. The low on holographic unity of the universe is formulated.
Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Local Community — 20 Years Experience from Norway
Aim: A multifactorial injury prevention programme started in 1981 and ran for about 10 years in an island community in Norway with a population of about 1000. A study was undertaken to evaluate effects of the programme over a period of 20 years. Methods: Injuries were recorded by the one medical doctor on the island several years during the period 1970—2001. The programme was carried out with high intensity from 1981 to 1987. The intensity gradually decreased to a medium level that lasted until about 1994, when it was further reduced to a low level. Results: The injury incidence rate was reduced from 17.7% in 1980 (N=188) to 9.7% in 1987 (N=97) with relative risk reduced to 0.55 (95% CI: 0.44—0.70, p<0.0001). In 2001, an incidence rate of 9.6% was observed (N=91). An even higher reduction was observed for serious injuries. The age groups 15—24 and 65+ showed the most distinct reductions from 1980—2001 while minor reduction was observed in children (0—14 years). The incidence rate of traffic injuries was reduced by 77% in spite of an increase in the number of motor vehicles. Occupational, home and other injuries were reduced by 38, 35, and 49% respectively. The incidence rates were 2.6—3.0 times higher for men than for women through the 20 years observation period. Conclusion: This study indicates that a longlasting multifactorial communitybased intervention in a small community with defined aims may lead to a considerable and longlasting reduction in injuries.
The purpose of the study is to reveal constructive peculiarities of the Present time in a general structure of Time. To achieve the goal basic kinds of logic and scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, descriptive, speculative, dialectic, comparative, modeling) are used. As an idealized object a graphic paradigm of Time «arrow» is under investigation. The Present time is presented as a metabolic Space (MS). The theory of metabolic Space (TMS) is based on fundamental principles of natural science: system organization, maintenance and synergetics. TMS considers Time as a primary tecton of a living being, as a virtual metabolic objectspace and as a system of Times. TSM describes a polymeric construction of metabolic space consisting of elementary monomers — quanta of duration «quantum-moments». TSM describes the law of simultaneity of events (phenomenon, process, actions) in physical reality, conditioned by attachment to a frontmoment of metabolic Space. TSM forms a model of a «running wheel» of Time in development of a graphic paradigm of Time «arrow» and describes quantummoment of MS as having no dimensional limit of duration. TSM describes a chiral effect of Time «arrow»: incompatibility with its «mirror reflection» — the Eternity.
PROBLEMS OF ECOLOGY, EDUCATION, ECOLOGICAL CULTURE, EARTH SCIENCES
Legal Land Tenure Regulation in the Russian Federation: Problems and Contradictions
Declaration of the Russian Federation as a legal democratic state can not in a blink change the sense of justice. There are severe contradictions between legal doctrine, legal standard and the real legal practice. The presented paper is devoted to the analysis of problems and contradictions in the field of lawful land tenure regulation in Russia.
Innovative Actions that Contributed Toward Protecting the Environment in Brazil
This paper recounts some actions taken that contributed toward solving environmental problems by opening new paths for improving living conditions and stimulating sustainable development patterns. The examples given are projects and solutions conceived in Brazil, but their equivalent in other parts of the world can certainly be identified. The examples described were selected to show the importance of using nonconventional approaches to reach an objective, but their outcomes point to a very interesting conclusion: the innovative approaches also originated several spinoffs that presented, in due time, new solutions for other environmental problems. In this regard a very relevant aspect of such innovative attitudes is the opportunity to transform eventual spinoffs of the solution found into new solutions for other related problems.
Is a psychic nature of noosphere possible?
The author has formulated and argued a hypothesis of noosphere psychic character. Noosphere is a form of psychic reality which arises within the functional range of such a human interaction with nature in the process of which a direct emotional feeling of human unity with objects of the environment is generated. The necessary condition for that is expansion (up to extrasensory). This is a special form of psychic reality which appears in the process of subject generative interaction of humanity with the Planet which turns the system «humanity planet» into the entire subject of integrated evolution as an ontological process of form production.
PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, TECHNICAL SCIENCES, EXACT SCIENCES
Gravitational Effects Before the Large Distant Earthquakes
The authors propose fundamentally new concept explaining the observation of gravity variations before the large distant earthquakes and based on that the instruments of earthquake forecasting. Repeatedly registered gravity variations (gravitational, permanent) before the large earthquakes, the epicenters of which are located at a distance of 4—7 thousand kilometers from the register station can throw light on spatio-temporal character of the process of initiation of deep geodynamic activity. The main question in interpreting of gravitational anomalies before large earthquakes is whether these anomalies are directly connected with the preparation of focal zone of an earthquake or reflect the zone of the birth of geodynamic activity in deep layers of mantle.
Gravitational Effects Before the Large Distant Earthquakes
The authors propose fundamentally new concept explaining the observation of gravity variations before the large distant earthquakes and based on that the instruments of earthquake forecasting. Repeatedly registered gravity variations (gravitational, permanent) before the large earthquakes, the epicenters of which are located at a distance of 4—7 thousand kilometers from the register station can throw light on spatio-temporal character of the process of initiation of deep geodynamic activity. The main question in interpreting of gravitational anomalies before large earthquakes is whether these anomalies are directly connected with the preparation of focal zone of an earthquake or reflect the zone of the birth of geodynamic activity in deep layers of mantle.
A survey is devoted to state of the art of nanoelectronic structures and some problems related to their development.
On Evolutional Thermodynamics of Dynamical Quasi$Сlosed Systems
Evolution of the content and structure of dynamic nonstationary quasiуequilibrium, quasisecret systems of all hierarchies is sequent of the tendency of specific Gibb\'s function, formation of these systems, to minimum. Such conclusion has a reliable basis and corresponds to the second beggining in its classic form.
HUMANITARIAN SCIENCES
Future as a Result of Evolution and Planning
When one comprehends \'Future as a Result of Evolution and Planning\', one can recognise that one can have an influence on the future without falling for a determinate of planning. Society can not plan its own future; it is dependent on evolution. In other words, it is not planning reason that decides the future, but evolution. An equitable evolutionary theory does not lead to reticence in all practical questions, but rather, one can be more considerate in what actions to take. Evolution occurs principally openly, so that one cannot determine it through planning, but only influence it, although the intended results do not always arise.
Juvenology: Problems of Formation of the Theory of Juvenility
The paper criticizes the arguments in defense of the new scientific trend — juvenology. The experience of juvenile research and possible ways of promotion of interdiscipline investigation of youth and their theoretical comprehension are shown.
Motivational Resources of Management of Social-Economic Development
The author tries to reveal general reasons underlying the problems of administration of socialeconomic development of the country, analyzing first of all motivational resources. Russia faces a strict motivational collision of two alternative strategies of development: liberalmarket and statemarket. At present actually the first strategy is dominating, ideologists of which are western specialists alien to national motivational lines. At the same time new motivational aims underlying national economic interests are gradually growing up.
Cognitive Strategies in the Modern Russian Literary Text
In this article the author examines one of the significant aspects of literary text writing/perception, namely the set of cognitive strategies. On the basis of cognitivecultural approach to the linguistic analysis of a literary text he managed to distinguish three main cognitive strategies: informative cognitive strategy, cognitive-conceptual strategy and remaking strategy. The author believes that within cognitive-conceptual strategy one can distinguish three subgroups: proper conceptual, conceptual-metaphorical and implicative. Conceptual-cognitive strategy is a characteristic feature of the proper scientific (not popular scientific) discussion having philosophical and intellectual object. Conceptual-metaphorical subgroup consists of logical-cognitive models, as well as emotional-figurative models which usually belong to the model of narrative type that differ in degree of virtual expressiveness. Implicative subgroup of strategies represent a system of obvious and implicit references to other texts, particular situational and intimating conditions, as well as appeal to a nameless addressees who are taking the form of secret subjects or objects of mental action. The main semantic feature of remaking strategy which is widely used by modern authors nowadays is reiteration, cognitive meaning which creates the effect of information novelty when there is no new information.